Ikopanye le Rona bakeng sa tlhahisoleseding e batsi ka boholo
Liphaephe tsa Tšepe tse se nang Seamless tsa API 5L X52/X60/X65/X70/X80 | Liphaephe tsa SMLS bakeng sa Oli le Khase
| Pipe ea Tšepe ea API 5LQaqiso ea Sehlahisoa | |
| Mekhahlelo | API 5L Kereiti ea B, X42, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| Boemo ba Tlhaloso | PSL1, PSL2 |
| Bophara ba Bophara ba Kantle | 1/2” ho isa ho 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”, 16 inches, 18 inches, 20 inches, 24 inches ho fihlela ho 40 inches. |
| Kemiso ea Botenya | SCH 10. SCH 20, SCH 40, SCH STD, SCH 80, SCH XS, ho isa ho SCH 160 |
| Mefuta ea Tlhahiso | ERW e se nang seamless, e welded, e saennweng ho LSAW, DSAW, SSAW, HSAW |
| Mofuta oa Lipheletso | Lipheletso tse betliloeng, Lipheletso tse se nang letho |
| Bolelele ba Nako | SRL, DRL, 20 FT (limithara tse 6), 40FT (limithara tse 12) kapa, e etselitsoeng uena |
| Li-cap tsa Tšireletso | polasetiki kapa tšepe |
| Phekolo ea Bokaholimo | Pente ea tlhaho, e nang le varnish, e ntšo, FBE, 3PE (3LPE), 3PP, CWC (E koahetsoeng ka boima ba konkreite) CRA e koahetsoeng kapa e nang le mela |
Pipe ea Tšepe ea API 5L Kereiti ea BChate ea Boholo
| Bophara ba Kantle (OD) | Botenya ba Lebota (WT) | Boholo ba Phaephe bo Ikhethileng (NPS) | Bolelele | Kereiti ea Tšepe e Fumaneha | Mofuta |
| 21.3 mm (0.84 in) | 2.77 – 3.73 mm | ½″ | 5.8 m / 6 m / 12 m | Sehlopha sa B – X56 | E se nang seamless / ERW |
| 33.4 mm (1.315 in) | 2.77 – 4.55 mm | 1″ | 5.8 m / 6 m / 12 m | Sehlopha sa B – X56 | E se nang seamless / ERW |
| 60.3 mm (2.375 in) | 3.91 – 7.11 mm | 2″ | 5.8 m / 6 m / 12 m | Sehlopha sa B – X60 | E se nang seamless / ERW |
| 88.9 mm (3.5 in) | 4.78 – 9.27 mm | 3″ | 5.8 m / 6 m / 12 m | Sehlopha sa B – X60 | E se nang seamless / ERW |
| 114.3 mm (4.5 in) | 5.21 – 11.13 mm | 4″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | Sehlopha sa B – X65 | E se nang seamless / ERW / SAW |
| 168.3 mm (6.625 in) | 5.56 – 14.27 mm | 6″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | Sehlopha sa B – X70 | E se nang seamless / ERW / SAW |
| 219.1 mm (8.625 in) | 6.35 – 15.09 mm | 8″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | X42 – X70 | ERW / SAW |
| 273.1 mm (10.75 in) | 6.35 – 19.05 mm | 10″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | X42 – X70 | SAW |
| 323.9 mm (12.75 in) | 6.35 – 19.05 mm | 12″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | X52 – X80 | SAW |
| 406.4 mm (16 in) | 7.92 – 22.23 mm | 16″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | X56 – X80 | SAW |
| 508.0 mm (20 in) | 7.92 – 25.4 mm | 20″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | X60 – X80 | SAW |
| 610.0 mm (24 in) | 9.53 – 25.4 mm | 24″ | 6 m / 12 m / 18 m | X60 – X80 | SAW |
Tobetsa Konopo e ka ho le letona
PSL 1 (Tlhaloso ea Sehlahisoa Boemo ba 1): Bakeng sa lipeipi tse hahiloeng ho latela boemo ba motheo ba boleng bo tloaelehileng.
PSL 2 (Tlhaloso ea Sehlahisoa Boemo ba 2): Ho sebelisoa thepa e phahameng ea mechini, taolo e thata ea lik'hemik'hale le NDT, tlhaloso e matla haholoanyane.
| Ntho | PSL1 | PSL2 | Lintlha |
| Taolo ea Sebopeho sa Lik'hemik'hale | Meeli e tloaelehileng ho C, Mn, P, S | Meeli e thata, P le S tse tlase; taolo e eketsehileng ea likarolo tsa microalloy e lumelletsoe | PSL2 e loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa libaka tse mocheso o tlase le tse senyang |
| Matla a Tlhahiso (MPa) | Ho latela litlhaloso tsa sehlopha | Ho tšoana le PSL1; e phahame hanyane bakeng sa litšepe tse ling tsa maemo a holimo | Litlhoko tsa motheo tsa mechini lia tšoana |
| Matla a ho Tenyetseha (MPa) | Ho latela litlhaloso tsa sehlopha | E tšoanang le ea PSL1 | |
| Ho lelefatsa (%) | Ho latela litlhaloso tsa sehlopha | E tšoanang le ea PSL1 | |
| Tšusumetso ea Mocheso o Tlase (Charpy V-Notch) | Tlhokahalo ea boikhethelo kapa ea tšebeliso ea ho qetela | E tlamang; hangata e lekoa ho -20°C kapa -50°C | E ntlafatsa ho tiea ha mocheso o tlase |
| Ho tjheseletsa | E fihlela litlhoko tse tloaelehileng | Liteko tse thata, tsa ho tjheseletsa hangata lia hlokahala | PSL2 e hloka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho tjheseletsa |
| Mamello ea Tekanyo | Mefuta e tloaelehileng | Ho thata haholoanyane | PSL2 e na le taolo e tiileng holim'a bophara le botenya ba lebota |
| Taolo e Phethahetseng ea Liphoso / NDT | Tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng; UT/RT ha e hlokehe | UT/RT/MPI e tlamang | E netefatsa polokeho e phahameng ea liphaephe |
| Tikoloho ea Kopo | Lipalangoang tsa lipeipi ka kakaretso | Liphaephe tse nang le khatello e phahameng, mocheso o tlase, le tse senyang | PSL2 e ratoa haholo bakeng sa merero e nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa polokeho |
| Litšenyehelo | E tlase haholo | E phahame hanyane | Ka lebaka la tlhahlobo e thata le litlhoko tsa tlhahiso |
| Kereiti ea API 5L | Matlotlo a Bohlokoa a Mekaniki (Matla a ho Hlahisa) | Maemo a Sebetsang Amerika |
| Sehlopha sa B | ≥245 MPa | Liphaephe tsa khase ea tlhaho tse nang le khatello e tlase ea Amerika Leboea; Liphaephe tse nyane tsa ho bokella oli Amerika Bohareng |
| X42/X46 | >290/317 MPa | Liphaephe tsa nosetso tsa temo tsa Midwestern tsa Amerika; li-grid tsa eneji tsa litoropo tsa Amerika Boroa |
| X52 (E ka Sehloohong) | >359 MPa | Liphaephe tsa oli ea shale tsa Texas; Liphaephe tsa ho bokella oli le khase tse lebōpong la leoatle la Brazil; Liphaephe tsa khase ea tlhaho tse tšelang moeli oa Panama |
| X60/X65 | >414/448 MPa | Liphaephe tsa lehlabathe la oli tsa Canada; Liphaephe tsa Kou ea Mexico tse nang le khatello e mahareng le e phahameng |
| X70/X80 | >483/552 MPa | Liphaephe tsa oli tsa US tse tsamaeang nako e telele; Li-platform tsa oli le khase metsing a tebileng a Brazil |
Tlhahlobo ea Lisebelisoa tse Tala– Khetha le ho hlahloba di-billet kapa di-coil tsa tšepe tsa boleng bo botle.
Ho theha– Mena kapa o phunyeletse ka mokhoa oa phaephe (E se nang seamless / ERW / SAW).
Ho tjheseletsa–Manonyeletso a ka hare ho liphaephe a etsoa ka ho tjheseletsa ka motlakase kapa ho tjheseletsa ka arc e ka tlas'a metsi.
Kalafo ea Mocheso– Eketsa matla le ho tiea ka ho futhumatsa hantle.
Ho lekanya le ho otlolla– Fetola bophara ba pompo mme o netefatse hore boholo bo nepahetse.
Teko e sa Senyeheng (NDT)– Hlahloba diphoso tsa ka hare le tsa bokaholimo.
Teko ea Hydrostatic– Leka phaephe ka 'ngoe bakeng sa matla le ho lutla.
Ho Koahela Bokaholimo– Kenya lera la tšireletso ea mafome (varnish e ntšo, FBE, 3LPE, jj.).
Ho tšoaea le ho hlahloba– Tšoaea litlhaloso 'me u etse tlhahlobo ea boleng ba ho qetela.
Sephutheloana le Phano– Paka, paka, 'me u tlise ka Litifikeiti tsa Teko ea Mill.
Ofisi ea Litšebeletso tsa Lehae e Buang Sepanishe: Lekala la rona la lehae le fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa batho ba buang Sepanishe, le fana ka boiphihlelo bo botle le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho kenya thepa kantle ho naha.
Thepa e Tšepahalang: Re boloka thepa e lekaneng ho phethahatsa litlhoko tsa odara ea hau kapele.
Sephutheloana se Sireletsehileng: Liphaephe li phuthetsoe ka thata 'me li koetsoe ka mekhahlelo e mengata ea ho phuthela ka li-bubble ho thibela ho fetoha le tšenyo nakong ea lipalangoang, ho netefatsa polokeho.
Phano e Potlakileng le e Sebetsang Hantle: Thomello ea machaba ho fihlela litlhoko tsa hau tsa thomello ea projeke.
Tiisetso ea ho Paka
Ea ronaLiphaephe tsa tšepe tsa API 5Ldi palleted (dipallet tsa lehong tse tjhesitsweng ka IPPC e leng tekanyetso ya Amerika Bohareng mme di fihlella ditlhoko tsohle tsa bohloeki ba dimela bakeng sa ho romela kantle ho naha), ebe di phuthelwa ka dikarolo tse tsheletseng tsa polasetiki. Phaephe ya hao e pakilwe ka bonngoe ka dikarolo tse tharo tsa lera le sa keneng metsi leo ka lebaka la mongobo o phahameng morung wa pula wa tropike di entsweng ka tsela eo mongobo o ke keng wa kena ka yona. Folaga e sireletsang ya polasetiki e matla le polaka di kentswe dipheletsong tse pedi tsa phaephe ho thibela lerōle, ditshila le dintho tse tswang kantle ho naha ho kena ha di tsamaiswa le ho bolokwa sebakeng seo, e le ho boloka sehlahiswa se hlwekile ebile se sa senyeha. Karolo e nngwe le e nngwe ya phaephe e boima ba ditone tse 2-3, boholo le boima bo loketseng bakeng sa dikereine tse nyane tse atisang ho fumanwa dibakeng tsa mesebetsi tsa Amerika Bohareng, sena se nolofalletsa ho sebetsana ka polokeho le kaho e sebetsang hantle.
Litlhaloso tse Loketseng
Litekanyo tsa ISO: bolelele bo tloaelehileng ke limithara tse 12, bo loketse ho jarisoa ha likhonteinara le lipalangoang tsa machaba.
Dikgetho tsa Bolelele bo Bokgutshwane: 8' le 10' bakeng sa merero e fumanehang libakeng tsa tropike Guatemala le Honduras moo lipalangoang tsa naha li haelloang.
Likhetho tse 'maloa- re ikamahanya le litlhoko tsa hau! Litlhaloso tse ngata li ka khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa projeke ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang le ho netefatsa boiketlo ba lipalangoang le katleho ea kaho.
Tšebeletso ea Litokomane e le 'Ngoe
Ka boiteko ba ho nolofatsa katleho ea ho hlakola lekhetho le kaho ea projeke bakeng sa bareki ba rona 'marakeng oa Amerika Bohareng, re fana ka setifikeiti sa kakaretso sa litokomane tsa kantle ho naha le tsa thepa ntle le tefo, joalo ka:
Setifikeiti sa Tšimoloho (Foromo ea B)
Setifikeiti sa Teko ea Lintho tsa MTC
Tlaleho ea Teko ea SGS
Lenane la ho paka
Setlankana sa litefiso
Ho phaella moo, re netefatsa hore tokomane efe kapa efe e fosahetseng kapa e lahlehileng e tla ntšoa hape nakong ea lihora tse 24, ho netefatsa hore projeke e ke ke ea lieha hape.
Litokisetso tsa Lipalangoang tsa Setsebi
Hang ha thomello e se e rometswe, thepa e tla iswa ho mojari ya sa nke lehlakore ka mokgwa wa kopanyo ya dipalangwang tsa mobu le lewatle, dipalangwang di tla bolokeha ebile di ka tshepahala. Tse latelang ke ditsela tsa mantlha tsa dipalangwang le ETA:
Chaena → Kolone, Panama: ~matsatsi a 30
Chaena → Manzanillo, Mexico: Matsatsi a ka bang 28
Chaena → Limon, Costa Rica: ~matsatsi a 35
Haeba ho na le ditlhoko tsa projeke, re fana ka ditshebeletso tsa dipalangwang tsa nako e kgutshwane ho tloha dikoung ho ya masimong a oli kapa dibakeng tsa mesebetsi. Mohlala, ka molekane wa lehae wa thepa ho Panama TMM, re fana ka ditharollo tsa thepa ho tloha pheletsong ho isa pheletsong, re fana ka thepa ya projeke ka nako e nepahetseng le ka tsela e bolokehileng.
1. Na liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa API 5L li se li ntse li le maemong a morao-rao bakeng sa 'maraka oa Amerika?
Ka sebele ea ronaAPI 5LNa liphaephe tsa tšepe li lumellana ka botlalo le API 5L 45th Revision ea morao-rao e leng khatiso feela e amohelehang ke balaoli ba Amerika (US, Canada le Latin America)? Li boetse li latela maemo a tekanyo a ASME B36.10M le maemo a lehae joalo ka NOM Mexico le melaoana ea libaka tsa khoebo e lokolohileng Panama. Litifikeiti tsohle (API, NACE MR0175, ISO 9001) li ka hlahlojoa liwebsaeteng tsa semmuso.
2. Mokhoa oa ho Khetha Boholo bo Loketseng ba API 5L Steel Grade bakeng sa Projeke ea Ka (mohlala: X52 vs X65)?
Kgetha kgatello ya hao, mahareng le tikoloho ya projeke: Bakeng sa tshebediso e tlase ya kgatello (≤3MPa) jwalo ka kgase ya masepala le nosetso ya temo, Sehlopha sa B kapa X42 se theko e tlase. Bakeng sa phetiso ya oli/khase ya kgatello e mahareng (3–7MPa) masimong a lewatle (Texas shale, mohlala), X52 ke kgetho e feto-fetohang habonolo. Bakeng sa diphaephe tsa kgatello e phahameng (≥7MPa) kapa diporojeke tsa lewatle (masimo a metsi a tebileng a Brazil, mohlala), API 5L X65/API 5L X70/API 5L X80li boetse li khothaletsoa bakeng sa matla a ho fana ka chai e ngata (448–552MPa). Sehlopha sa rona sa boenjiniere se tla u fa tlhahiso ea mahala ea kereiti ho latela lintlha tsa projeke ea hau.
Lintlha tsa ho ikopanya
Aterese
Sebaka sa indasteri ea nts'etsopele ea Kangsheng,
Setereke sa Wuqing, toropo ea Tianjin, China.
Imeile
Mohala
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