Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse bophara bo boholo (hangata li bua ka liphaephe tsa tšepe tse nang le bophara ba kantle ba ≥114mm, tse nang le ≥200mm tse hlalosoang e le tse kholo maemong a mang, ho latela maemo a indasteri) li sebelisoa haholo libakeng tsa mantlha tse kenyeletsang "lipalangoang tsa mecha e meholo ea phatlalatso," "tšehetso ea sebopeho e boima," le "maemo a khatello e phahameng" ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho jara khatello e phahameng, bokhoni ba phallo e phahameng, le khanyetso e matla ea tšusumetso.
Matla ke sebaka sa mantlha sa ts'ebeliso bakeng sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse bophara bo boholo. Litlhoko tsa mantlha li kenyelletsa khatello e phahameng, maeto a malelele, le ho hanyetsa mafome. Liphaephe tsena li sebelisetsoa ho tsamaisa mecha ea bohlokoa ea matla joalo ka oli, khase ea tlhaho, mashala le motlakase.
1. Lipalangoang tsa Oli le Khase: "Aorta" ea liphaephe tse tsamaeang sebaka se selelele
Ditshebediso: Diphaephe tsa oli le khase tse pakeng tsa dibaka (tse kang Phaephe ya Khase ya Bophirima-Botjhabela le Phaephe ya Khase ya Tlhaho ya Botjhabela ya China-Russia), diphaephe tsa ho bokella le ho tsamaisa ka hare ho masimo a oli, le diphaephe tsa oli/khase bakeng sa dipolatefomo tsa oli le khase tse kantle ho naha.
Mefuta ea Liphaephe tsa Tšepe: Haholo-holo ke phaephe e phuthetsoeng ka arc e spiral e koahetsoeng ka arc (LSAW) le phaephe e otlolohileng e phuthetsoeng ka arc e koahetsoeng ka arc (SSAW), e nang le phaephe ea tšepe e se nang sekoli (joalo ka likereiti tsa API 5L X80/X90) tse sebelisoang likarolong tse ling tse nang le khatello e phahameng.
Litlhoko tsa Bohlokoa: Mamella khatello e phahameng ea 10-15 MPa (mela ea likutu tsa khase ea tlhaho), hanela ho bola ha mobu (liphaephe tsa lebōpong), 'me u hanele ho bola ha metsi a leoatle (liphaephe tsa lebōpong). Bolelele ba phaephe e le 'ngoe bo ka fihla ho limithara tse 12-18 ho fokotsa manonyeletso a ho tjheseletsa le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa ho lutla. Mehlala e tloaelehileng: Phaephe ea Khase ea Tlhaho ea Moeli oa Bochabela oa Chaena le Russia (phaephe e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea sebaka se selelele Chaena, ka likarolo tse ling tse sebelisang liphaephe tsa tšepe tse bophara ba 1422mm), le phaephe ea oli ea Saudi-UAE e tšelang moeli (liphaephe tsa tšepe tse 1200mm le tse kholoanyane).
2. Indasteri ea Matla: "Khoro ea matla" ea lifeme tsa motlakase tsa mocheso/nyuklea
Lefapheng la motlakase o futhumatsang, liphaephe tsena li sebelisoa "liphaepheng tse 'ne tse kholo" (liphaephe tse kholo tsa mouoane, liphaephe tsa mouoane tse futhumatsang hape, liphaephe tse kholo tsa metsi a fepang, le liphaephe tsa drainage tse nang le khatello e phahameng ea heater) ho tsamaisa mouoane o nang le mocheso o phahameng, o nang le khatello e phahameng (lithempereichara tsa 300-600°C le khatello ea 10-30 MPa).
Lefapheng la matla a nyutlelie, liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa boemo ba polokeho bakeng sa lihlekehleke tsa nyutlelie (tse kang liphaephe tsa reactor coolant) li hloka khanyetso e matla ea mahlaseli le khanyetso ea ho thekesela. Liphaephe tse se nang moqhaka tsa tšepe e sa hloekang ea Austenitic (tse kang ASME SA312 TP316LN) li sebelisoa hangata. Tšehetso e Ncha ea Matla: "Liphaephe tsa Mohala oa Baqokeleli" (tse sireletsang likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng) libotong tsa motlakase oa photovoltaic/wind, le liphaephe tsa phetisetso ea haedrojene tse hole (merero e meng ea liteko e sebelisa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse sa senyeheng mafome tsa 300-800mm Φ).
Litlhoko lefapheng la masepala li shebane le "phallo e phahameng, tlhokomelo e tlase, le ho ikamahanya le maemo a litoropo a ka tlas'a lefatše/bokaholimo." Sepheo sa mantlha ke ho netefatsa phepelo ea metsi le tsamaiso ea metsi bakeng sa baahi le ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tsa litoropo.
1. Boenjiniere ba Phepelo ea Metsi le Metsi a Phoroselang: Liphaephe tsa Lithupa tsa Phetiso/Tlhaselo ea Metsi Metseng
Ditshebediso tsa Phepelo ya Metsi: "Diphaephe tsa metsi a tala" tse tswang mehloding ya metsi a ditoropong (matamo, dinoka) ho ya dipolanteng tsa metsi, le "diphaephe tsa phepelo ya metsi a dikutu tsa masepala" tse tswang dipolanteng tsa metsi ho ya ditoropong, di hloka ho tsamaiswa ha metsi a pompo a phallang haholo (mohlala, diphaephe tsa tshepe tsa 600-2000mm Φ).
Ditshebediso tsa Metsi a Phororo: "Diphaephe tsa metsi a pula" tsa litoropong (bakeng sa ho ntsha metsi a mangata ka potlako a bakwang ke pula e matla) le "diphaephe tsa metsi a phororo" (bakeng sa ho tsamaisa metsi a ditshila a malapeng/diindasteri ho ya dipolaneteng tsa kalafo ya dikgwerekgwere). Tse ding di sebedisa diphaephe tsa tshepe tse sa senyeheng (mohlala, diphaephe tsa tshepe tse manehilweng ka polasetiki le diphaephe tsa tshepe tse manehilweng ka seretse sa samente).
Melemo: Ha li bapisoa le liphaephe tsa konkreite, liphaephe tsa tšepe li bobebe, li hanela ho teba (li ikamahanya le jeoloji e rarahaneng ea litoropo ka tlas'a lefatše), 'me li fana ka ho koala manonyeletso hantle (ho thibela ho lutla ha likhoerekhoere le tšilafalo ea mobu).
2. Libaka tsa Paballo ea Metsi: Phetisetso ea Metsi lipakeng tsa libaskete le Taolo ea Moroallo
Ditshebediso: Merero ya phetisetso ya metsi a pakeng tsa dikou (jwalo ka "Pipeline ya Kotopo ya Noka e Tshehla" ya tsela e bohareng ya Morero wa ho Kgelosa Metsi ho tloha Borwa ho ya Leboya), diphaephe tsa ho kgelosa le diphaephe tsa ho ntsha metsi a mangata bakeng sa matamo a metsi/diteishene tsa motlakase wa metsi, le diphaephe tsa ho kgelosa metsi bakeng sa taolo ya dikgohola tsa metse le ho tsamaisa metsi.
Litlhoko tse Tloaelehileng: Ho mamella ho sisinyeha ha phallo ea metsi (mabelo a phallo ea 2-5 m/s), ho mamella khatello ea metsi (liphaephe tse ling tsa metsi a tebileng li tlameha ho mamella khatello ea hlooho e fetang 10 m), le bophara bo fetang 3000 mm (mohlala, phaephe ea tšepe ea ho khelosa ea 3200 mm seteisheneng sa motlakase oa metsi).
Lekala la indasteri le na le litlhoko tse fapaneng, tse shebaneng haholo le "ho ikamahanya le maemo a boima le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa lipalangoang tsa mecha ea litaba e itseng," ho kenyeletsoa liindasteri tse kang tšepe, lik'hemik'hale le mechini.
1. Indasteri ea Tšepe/Tšepe: Lipalangoang tsa Thepa ea Mocheso o Phahameng
Ditshebediso: "Diphaephe tsa kgase tsa sebopi sa tshepe" tsa difeme tsa tshepe (tse tsamaisang kgase e mochesong o phahameng, 200-400°C), "ho etsa tshepe le diphaephe tsa metsi tse phodisang tse tswelang pele" (ho phodisa ha di-billet tsa tshepe ka phallo e phahameng), le "diphaephe tsa lerōle" (tse tsamaisang lerōle la tshepe).
Litlhoko tsa liphaephe tsa tšepe: Ho hanyetsa oxidation mochesong o phahameng (bakeng sa liphaephe tsa khase) le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala (bakeng sa li-slurry tse nang le likaroloana tse tiileng, liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa alloy tse sa tsofaleng lia hlokahala). Hangata bophara ba tsona bo tloha ho 200 ho isa ho 1000 mm.
2. Indasteri ea Lik'hemik'hale/Petrochemical: Lipalangoang tsa Litaba tse Senyang
Ditshebediso: Diphaephe tsa thepa e tala dimeleng tsa dikhemikhale (tse kang ditharollo tsa asiti le alkali, ditharollo tsa manyolo), diphaephe tsa yuniti ya ho petsoha ha di-catalytic dimeleng tsa petrochemical (oli le khase tse mocheso o phahameng, tse nang le kgatello e phahameng), le diphaephe tsa ho ntsha metsi ka tanka (diphaephe tsa ho ntsha metsi tse bophara bo boholo bakeng sa ditanka tse kgolo tsa polokelo).
Mefuta ea Liphaephe tsa Tšepe: Liphaephe tsa tšepe tse kopantsoeng tse sa senyeheng ke mafome (tse kang tšepe e sa ruseng ea 316L) le liphaephe tsa tšepe tse nang le polasetiki kapa rabara (bakeng sa mecha ea phatlalatso e senyang haholo) li sebelisoa haholo. Liphaephe tse ling tse nang le khatello e phahameng li sebelisa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang moedi tsa 150-500mm.
3. Mechini e Boima: Tšehetso ea Sebopeho le Mekhoa ea Haeteroliki
Ditshebediso: Dibarele tsa disilindara tsa hydraulic mechineng ya kaho (di-ecavator le di-crane) (disebediswa tse ding tse kgolo tsa tonnage di sebedisa diphaephe tsa tshepe tse se nang moedi tsa 100-300mm), diphaephe tsa tshepe tse tshehetsang bethe disebedisweng tse kgolo tsa mechini, le diphaephe tsa tshireletso ya lere/thapo ya kahare (150-300mm) ditoreng tsa turbine ya moya e tswang lebopong.
Mererong e meholo ea meralo ea motheo e kang marokho, lithanele le boema-fofane, liphaephe tsa tšepe tse bophara bo boholo ha li sebeletse feela e le "liphaephe tsa phetisetso" empa hape e le "likarolo tsa sebopeho" tse jarang meroalo kapa tse fanang ka tšireletso.
1. Boenjiniere ba Borokho: Li-Arch tsa Li-Tube tsa Tšepe tse Tlatsitsoeng ka Konkreite/Likholomo tsa Li-Pier
Ditshebediso: "Dikgopo tse kgolo tsa arch" tsa marokho a arch a bolelele bo bolelele (jwalo ka Borokho ba Noka ya Chongqing Chaotianmen Yangtze, bo sebedisang dikgopo tsa arch tsa tshepe tse tletseng konkreite tsa 1200-1600mm Φ tse tletseng konkreite, tse kopanyang matla a ho thapolla a diphaephe tsa tshepe le matla a ho hatella a konkreite), le "matsoho a sireletsang" a diphaephe tsa borokho (ho sireletsa diphaephe ho kgoholeho ya metsi).
Melemo: Ha e bapisoa le konkreite e matlafalitsoeng ea setso, meaho ea tšepe e tletseng konkreite e bobebe, e bonolo ho e haha (e ka etsoa esale pele lifekthering le ho kopanngoa sebakeng seo), 'me e na le bolelele bo bolelele (ho fihlela ho limithara tse 500 kapa ho feta).
2. Lithanele le Lipalangoang tsa Terene: Phefumoloho le Tšireletso ea Likheibole
Ditshebediso tsa thanele: "Diphaephe tsa ho kenya moya" (bakeng sa moya o hlwekileng, bophara ba 800-1500mm) dithaneleng tse kgolo/tsa terene, le "Diphaephe tsa Phepelo ya Metsi a Mollo" (bakeng sa phepelo ya metsi a phallang haholo haeba ho ka ba le mollo wa thanele).
Seporo sa Terene: "Liphaephe tsa Tšireletso ea Lithapo tsa Tlas'a Lefatše" (bakeng sa ho sireletsa lithapo tsa motlakase o phahameng, tse ling li entsoe ka phaephe ea tšepe e koahetsoeng ka polasetiki ea 200-400mm) litseleng tse ka tlas'a lefatše/litsamaisong tsa terene tse lebelo le phahameng, le "Li-Case tsa Kholomo ea Catenary" (likholomo tsa tšepe tse tšehetsang gridi ea motlakase).
3. Lifofane/Likou: Liphaephe tsa Morero o Ikhethang
Maemafofane: "Liphaephe tsa Metsi a Pula" (bophara bo boholo ba 600-1200mm) bakeng sa litsela tsa ho matha ho thibela ho bokellana ha metsi a litsela le tšusumetso holim'a ho tloha le ho lula, le "Liphaephe tse Kholo tsa Metsi a Pholileng a Moea" (bakeng sa phallo e phahameng ea metsi a pholileng bakeng sa taolo ea mocheso) mehahong ea terminal.
Likou: "Liphaephe tsa Phetisetso ea Oli" (ho hokahanya litanka tsa oli le litanka tsa polokelo, ho tsamaisa oli e tala/lihlahisoa tsa oli e hloekisitsoeng, bophara ba 300-800mm) liemelong tsa kou, le "Liphaephe tsa Thepa e Meholo" (bakeng sa ho tsamaisa thepa e meholo joalo ka mashala le oli).
Indasteri ea Sesole: Likepe tsa ntoa tse "pholisang metsi a leoatle" (ho hanyetsa ho bola ha metsi a leoatle), "methapo ea metsi a metsi" ea tanka (liphaephe tse se nang mohele tse bophara bo boholo), le "liphaephe tsa tšepe tse tšehetsang limisaele."
Ho Batla Thuto ea Jeoloji: "Likheo" tsa liliba tsa metsi a tebileng (ho sireletsa lebota la seliba le ho thibela ho putlama, ba bang ba sebelisa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang moedi tsa Φ300-500mm), ho ntša khase ea shale "liphaephe tsa liliba tse otlolohileng" (bakeng sa ho fana ka mokelikeli o nang le khatello e phahameng).
Ho Nosetsa Temo: "Liphaephe tsa nosetso tsa kutu" tse nang le tlhokomelo e kholo ea metsi a masimong (joalo ka liphaephe tsa nosetso tsa kutu tsa marotholi/sefafatsi sebakeng se omileng se ka leboea-bophirima, tse bophara ba Φ200-600mm).
Sehlopha sa Borena
Aterese
Sebaka sa indasteri ea nts'etsopele ea Kangsheng,
Setereke sa Wuqing, toropo ea Tianjin, China.
Imeile
Lihora
Mantaha-Sontaha: Tšebeletso ea lihora tse 24
Nako ea poso: Loetse-19-2025